History

4-5 million BC – Humans (Hominids – in primitive ape-like stages) first appear in East and South of Africa

2.5 – 2 million BC – Humans (Homo Habilis – humans with brain and dextrous fingers and Homo Erectus) appear in Africa

900,000 BC – Humans (Homo Sapiens) move towards West Asia (MESOPOTAMIA – PERSIA – INDUS)

850,000 BC – Humans move towards Lower Europe (Anatolia/ Balkans). (Anatolia is modern day Turkey)

450,000 BC – Humans move towards China (North)

200,000 BC – Humans seen in Middle Europe

120,000 BC – Humans start occupying Java

100,000 BC – EARLIEST KNOWN FORM OF HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS (AFRICA)

50,000 BC – Humans move towards Australia

35,000 BC – Humans move towards Upper Europe

30,000 BC – Humans set up in North America

10,000 BC – Humans migrate towards South America (ICE AGE ENDS)

10000-4000 BC – Humans start Agriculture/ Hunting/ Metal works

6000 BC – Copper found in West Asia

5000 BC – Copper found in Balkans

4000-2000 BC – Bronze/ Copper is widely used in the old world (Asia)

2000-1000 BC – Iron is found in West Asia/ India/ China

3500 BC – 1100 BC – (Egyptian Empire is at its peak) – World’s first cities come up on the banks of rivers Niles, Tigris/ Euphrates (Cities Ur- Uruk – Babylon)

3200 BC – World’s first urban civilization comes up on the banks of rivers Niles, in Egypt (City – Memphis, Thebes)

3000 BC – 1500 BC – World’s next biggest urban civilization comes around INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION- (Cities – Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal)

1800 BC – 1100 BC – Northern China begins urbanization (Cities – Zhenzhou Shang kingdom)

2000-1100 BC – Greeks start their urbanization

(I) King Minos of the island of Crete (Aegean Empire) (2000-1700 BC)
(II) Mycenaen Empire (Palace of Knossos becomes their most famous symbol)

1650-1200 BC – Hittite Empire (Turkey)

2000 BC – 1000 BC – Levant Empire (present day Israel) (Cities – Jerusalem, Amman, Damascus, Gaza). It expands to include Egypt and Mesopotamia (Kingdom of Mittanni and Kingdom of Hittite in Bogaskoy city, Anatolia)

1000 – 300 BC – Political and social centre of INDIA shifts from INDUS valley to the more fertile Ganges plains. Buddhism, Jainism and the mystical VEDAS developed in this era. THE UPANISHADS (LAST PART OF VEDAS) URGED ESCAPED FROM PHYSICAL WORLD.

1000-600 BC – Assyrian Empire (Levant & Mesopotamia, which is modern day Middle-East) (City – Nimrud)

900 – 300 BC – Greek Empire (Greece, Aegean, West Anatolia, Italy). (City – Athens)

300 – 100 BC – Hellenistic World (Greece, West Anatolia, Mesa) (King Alexander)

563 BC – Buddhism spreads after birth of Buddha

600 BC – 640 AD – Persian Empire (also called Achaemenid empire) – Egypt, Mesa, Assyria, Indus

1000 BC – 50 AD – Celtic Empire in Europe (Beyond Cacaucus Mountains)

300 BC – 500 AD – Roman Empire (Italy, Spain, France, Greece, North Africa, Anatolia, Levant, Egypt)

600-200 BC – Mauryan Empire (King Asokha) City – Pataliputra

300 – 400 AD – Gupta dynasty unites India around 320 AD. India’s Art, Architecture, Literature are the finest achievements in this era.

MATHEMATICAL INNOVATIONS IN INDIA INCLUDE THE ZERO AND USE OF DECIMAL NUMBERS!

600 – 1000 AD – Islam spreads (622 AD Mohammed)

700 – 1100 AD – Vikings rule North-west Europe (Scandinavia, Britain, France, Germany, Russia)

100 – 1600 AD – Ottomon Turks rule Anatolia, Levant, Egypt, South-east Europe

1500 – 1600 AD – Safavid rule in Persia

1200 – 1600 AD – Moghul rule in India

400 BC – 1600 AD – Han-Tang-Song-Ming dynasties in the orient

1600 – 1900 AD – Manchu-Ching dynasty

1500-2000 AD – European domination